Introduction
A launder is an essential component in metallurgical and casting processes, used for the efficient transportation of molten metal from one location to another within a production facility. It is typically a channel or trough, designed to guide and control the flow of molten metal, ensuring safe and efficient delivery to molds, furnaces, or other processing equipment.

Key Features and Benefits of Launders

1. High-Temperature Resistance: Constructed from materials capable of withstanding extreme temperatures, such as refractory linings, to handle molten metal without degradation.
2. Robust Construction: Designed to endure the mechanical stresses and thermal cycles associated with metallurgical processes, providing long-lasting performance.
3. Efficient Metal Flow: Engineered to facilitate smooth and controlled flow of molten metal, minimizing turbulence and preventing splashing.
4. Customizable Design: Can be tailored to specific operational requirements, including various lengths, cross-sections, and configurations to fit different setups.
5. Safety Enhancements: Equipped with safety features such as covers and insulation to protect personnel and equipment from the hazards of molten metal.

Components of a Launder

1. Channel/Trough: The primary structure that guides the molten metal, usually made from heat-resistant materials like castable refractories or pre-cast refractory shapes.
2. Refractory Lining: An internal lining that provides thermal insulation and protects the launder structure from the corrosive effects of molten metal.
3. Support Structure: A framework that holds the launder in place, ensuring stability and alignment during operation.
4. Flow Control Mechanisms: Devices such as gates, weirs, or tilting mechanisms that regulate the flow of molten metal through the launder.
5. Safety Features: Covers or lids to contain the molten metal and prevent spills, as well as insulation to reduce heat loss and protect workers.

Operational Principle
The launder operates based on the following steps:

1. Molten Metal Transfer: Molten metal is poured into the launder from a furnace or ladle, where it begins to flow through the channel.
2. Guidance and Control: The launder directs the flow of molten metal, using its precisely engineered shape and any installed flow control mechanisms to ensure smooth, controlled movement.
3. Delivery: The molten metal is transported to its destination, such as a mold for casting or another processing unit, where it is either poured or distributed as needed.
4. Cooling and Maintenance: After the molten metal has been transferred, the launder is cooled and inspected for any necessary maintenance or repairs before the next use.

Applications in Metallurgical Processes
Launders are utilized in various stages of metallurgical and casting processes, including:

1. Metal Transfer: Transporting molten metal between furnaces, holding vessels, and molds in foundries and steel plants.
2. Casting Operations: Directing the flow of molten metal into molds for the production of ingots, billets, and other cast products.
3. Secondary Metallurgy: Moving molten metal between refining vessels, such as ladle furnaces and vacuum degassers, for further treatment.